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OVMS3-idf/examples/protocols/modbus/serial/mb_master/README.md
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Modbus Master Example

This example demonstrates using of FreeModbus stack port implementation for ESP32 as a master device. This implementation is able to read/write values of slave devices connected into Modbus segment. All parameters to be accessed are defined in data dictionary of the modbus master example source file. The values represented as characteristics with its name and characteristic CID which are linked into registers of slave devices connected into Modbus segment. The example implements simple control algorithm and checks parameters from slave device and gets alarm (relay in the slave device) when value of holding_data0 parameter exceeded limit. The instances for the modbus parameters are common for master and slave examples and located in examples\protocols\modbus\serial\common_components folder.

Example parameters definition:

Slave Address Characteristic ID Characteristic name Description
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_INP_DATA_0, Data_channel_0 Data channel 1
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_HOLD_DATA_0, Humidity_1 Humidity 1
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_INP_DATA_1 Temperature_1 Sensor temperature
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_HOLD_DATA_1, Humidity_2 Humidity 2
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_INP_DATA_2 Temperature_2 Ambient temperature
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_HOLD_DATA_2 Humidity_3 Humidity 3
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_RELAY_P1 RelayP1 Alarm Relay outputs on/off
MB_DEVICE_ADDR1 CID_RELAY_P2 RelayP2 Alarm Relay outputs on/off

Note: The Slave Address is the same for all parameters for example test but it can be changed in the Example Data (Object) Dictionary table of master example to address parameters from other slaves. The Kconfig Modbus slave address - CONFIG_MB_SLAVE_ADDR parameter in slave example can be configured to create Modbus multi slave segment.

Simplified Modbus connection schematic for example test:

   MB_DEVICE_ADDR1
   -------------                -------------
   |           | RS485 network  |           |
   |  Slave  1 |---<>--+---<>---|  Master   |
   |           |                |           |
   -------------                -------------

Modbus multi slave segment connection schematic:

    MB_DEVICE_ADDR1
    -------------
    |           |   
    |  Slave 1  |---<>--+
    |           |       |
    -------------       |
    MB_DEVICE_ADDR2     |
    -------------       |        -------------
    |           |       |        |           |
    |  Slave  2 |---<>--+---<>---|  Master   |
    |           |       |        |           |
    -------------       |        -------------
    MB_DEVICE_ADDR3     |
    -------------  RS485 network
    |           |       |
    |  Slave 3  |---<>--+
    |           |
    -------------

Hardware required :

Option 1: PC (Modbus Slave app) + USB Serial adapter connected to USB port + RS485 line drivers + ESP32 WROVER-KIT board.

Option 2: Several ESP32 WROVER-KIT board flashed with modbus_slave example software to represent slave device with specific slave address (See CONFIG_MB_SLAVE_ADDR). The slave addresses for each board have to be configured as defined in "connection schematic" above. One ESP32 WROVER-KIT board flashed with modbus_master example. All the boards require connection of RS485 line drivers (see below).

The MAX485 line driver is used as an example below but other similar chips can be used as well. RS485 example circuit schematic for connection of master and slave devices into segment:

         VCC ---------------+                               +--------------- VCC
                            |                               |
                    +-------x-------+               +-------x-------+
         RXD <------| RO            | DIFFERENTIAL  |             RO|-----> RXD
                    |              B|---------------|B              |
         TXD ------>| DI   MAX485   |    \  /       |    MAX485   DI|<----- TXD
ESP32 WROVER KIT 1  |               |   RS-485 side |               |      External PC (emulator) with USB to serial or
         RTS --+--->| DE            |    /  \       |             DE|---+  ESP32 WROVER KIT 2 (slave)     
               |    |              A|---------------|A              |   |
               +----| /RE           |    PAIR       |            /RE|---+-- RTS
                    +-------x-------+               +-------x-------+
                            |                               |
                           ---                             --- 
                    Modbus Master device             Modbus Slave device

How to setup and use an example:

Configure the application

Start the command below to setup configuration:

idf.py menuconfig

Configure the UART pins used for modbus communication using and table below. Define the communication mode parameter for master and slave in Kconfig - CONFIG_MB_COMM_MODE (must be the same for master and slave devices in one segment). Configure the slave address for each slave in the Modbus segment (the CONFIG_MB_SLAVE_ADDR in Kconfig).

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | ESP32 Interface       | #define            | Default ESP32 Pin     | Default ESP32-S2 Pins | External RS485 Driver Pin |
  | ----------------------|--------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------|
  | Transmit Data (TxD)   | CONFIG_MB_UART_TXD | GPIO23                | GPIO20                | DI                        |
  | Receive Data (RxD)    | CONFIG_MB_UART_RXD | GPIO22                | GPIO19                | RO                        |
  | Request To Send (RTS) | CONFIG_MB_UART_RTS | GPIO18                | GPIO18                | ~RE/DE                    |
  | Ground                | n/a                | GND                   | GND                   | GND                       |
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: The GPIO22 - GPIO25 can not be used with ESP32-S2 chip because they are used for flash chip connection. Please refer to UART documentation for selected target.

Connect USB to RS485 adapter to computer and connect its D+, D- output lines with the D+, D- lines of RS485 line driver connected to ESP32 (See picture above).

The communication parameters of Modbus stack allow to configure it appropriately but usually it is enough to use default settings. See the help string of parameters for more information.

Setup external Modbus slave devices or emulator

Option 1: Configure the external Modbus master software according to port configuration parameters used in the example. The Modbus Slave application can be used with this example to emulate slave devices with its parameters. Use official documentation for software to setup emulation of slave devices.

Option 2: Other option is to have the modbus_slave example application flashed into ESP32 WROVER KIT board and connect boards together as showed on the Modbus connection schematic above. See the Modbus slave API documentation to configure communication parameters and slave addresses as defined in "Example parameters definition" table above.

Build and flash software of master device

Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:

idf.py -p PORT flash monitor

(To exit the serial monitor, type Ctrl-].)

See the Getting Started Guide for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.

Example Output

Example output of the application:

I (9035) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #0 Data_channel_0 (Volts) value = 1.120000 (0x3f8f5c29) read successful.
I (9045) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #1 Humidity_1 (%rH) value = 5.539999 (0x40b147ac) read successful.
I (9045) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #2 Temperature_1 (C) value = 2.340000 (0x4015c28f) read successful.
I (9055) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #3 Humidity_2 (%rH) value = 2.560000 (0x4023d70a) read successful.
I (9065) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #4 Temperature_2 (C) value = 3.560000 (0x4063d70a) read successful.
I (9075) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #5 Humidity_3 (%rH) value = 3.780000 (0x4071eb85) read successful.
I (9085) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #6 RelayP1 (on/off) value = OFF (0x55) read successful.
I (9095) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #7 RelayP2 (on/off) value = OFF (0xaa) read successful.
I (9605) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #0 Data_channel_0 (Volts) value = 1.120000 (0x3f8f5c29) read successful.
I (9615) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #1 Humidity_1 (%rH) value = 5.739999 (0x40b7ae12) read successful.
I (9615) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #2 Temperature_1 (C) value = 2.340000 (0x4015c28f) read successful.
I (9625) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #3 Humidity_2 (%rH) value = 2.560000 (0x4023d70a) read successful.
I (9635) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #4 Temperature_2 (C) value = 3.560000 (0x4063d70a) read successful.
I (9645) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #5 Humidity_3 (%rH) value = 3.780000 (0x4071eb85) read successful.
I (9655) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #6 RelayP1 (on/off) value = OFF (0x55) read successful.
I (9665) MASTER_TEST: Characteristic #7 RelayP2 (on/off) value = ON (0xff) read successful.
I (10175) MASTER_TEST: Alarm triggered by cid #7.
I (10175) MASTER_TEST: Destroy master...

The example reads the characteristics from slave device(s), while alarm is not triggered in the slave device (See the "Example parameters definition"). The output line describes Timestamp, Cid of characteristic, Characteristic name (Units), Characteristic value (Hex).