#################################### bgp.py ##################################
% Regression tests for the bgp module

# Default configuration : OLD speaker (see RFC 6793)
bgp_module_conf.use_2_bytes_asn  = True

################################ BGPNLRI_IPv4 ################################
+ BGPNLRI_IPv4 class tests

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Instantiation
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv4()) == b'\x00'

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv4(prefix = '255.255.255.255/32')) == b' \xff\xff\xff\xff'

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv4(prefix = '0.0.0.0/0')) == b'\x00'

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Instantiation with specific values (3)
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv4(prefix = '192.0.2.0/24')) == b'\x18\xc0\x00\x02'

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Basic dissection
nlri = BGPNLRI_IPv4(b'\x00')
nlri.prefix == '0.0.0.0/0'

= BGPNLRI_IPv4 - Dissection with specific values
nlri = BGPNLRI_IPv4(b'\x18\xc0\x00\x02')
nlri.prefix == '192.0.2.0/24'


################################ BGPNLRI_IPv6 ################################
+ BGPNLRI_IPv6 class tests

= BGPNLRI_IPv6 - Instantiation
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv6()) == b'\x00'

= BGPNLRI_IPv6 - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv6(prefix = '::/0')) == b'\x00'

= BGPNLRI_IPv6 - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPNLRI_IPv6(prefix = '2001:db8::/32')) == b'  \x01\r\xb8'

= BGPNLRI_IPv6 - Basic dissection
nlri = BGPNLRI_IPv6(b'\x00')
nlri.prefix == '::/0'

= BGPNLRI_IPv6 - Dissection with specific values
nlri = BGPNLRI_IPv6(b'  \x01\r\xb8')
nlri.prefix == '2001:db8::/32'


#################################### BGP #####################################
+ BGP class tests

= BGP - Instantiation (Should be a KEEPALIVE)
m = BGP()
assert(raw(m) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04')
assert(m.type == BGP.KEEPALIVE_TYPE)

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGP(type = 0)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x00'

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGP(type = 1)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x01'

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (3)
raw(BGP(type = 2)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x02'

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (4)
raw(BGP(type = 3)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x03'

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (5)
raw(BGP(type = 4)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04'

= BGP - Instantiation with specific values (6)
raw(BGP(type = 5)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x05'

= BGP - Basic dissection
h = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04')
assert(h.type == BGP.KEEPALIVE_TYPE)
assert(h.len == 19)

= BGP - Dissection with specific values
h = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x01')
assert(h.type == BGP.OPEN_TYPE)
assert(h.len == 19)

############################### BGPKeepAlive  #################################
+ BGPKeepAlive class tests

= BGPKeepAlive - Instantiation (by default, should be a "generic" capability)
raw(BGPKeepAlive())
raw(BGPKeepAlive()) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04'

= BGPKeepAlive - Swallowing tests: combined BGPKeepAlive
o = BGPKeepAlive()
m=IP(src="12.0.0.1",dst="12.0.0.2")/TCP(dport=54321)/BGP(raw(o)*2)
m.show()
assert isinstance(m[BGPKeepAlive].payload, BGPKeepAlive)
assert m[BGPKeepAlive].payload.marker == 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

############################### BGPCapability #################################
+ BGPCapability class tests

= BGPCapability - Instantiation (by default, should be a "generic" capability)
raw(BGPCapability())
raw(BGPCapability()) == b'\x00\x00'

= BGPCapability - Instantiation with specific values (1)
c = BGPCapability(code = 70)
assert(raw(c) == b'F\x00')

= BGPCapability - Check exception
from scapy.contrib.bgp import _BGPInvalidDataException
try:
  BGPCapability("\x00")
  False
except _BGPInvalidDataException:
  True

= BGPCapability - Test haslayer()
assert BGPCapFourBytesASN().haslayer(BGPCapability)
assert BGPCapability in BGPCapFourBytesASN()

= BGPCapability - Test getlayer()
assert isinstance(BGPCapFourBytesASN().getlayer(BGPCapability), BGPCapFourBytesASN)
assert isinstance(BGPCapFourBytesASN()[BGPCapability], BGPCapFourBytesASN)

= BGPCapability - sessions (1)
p = IP()/TCP()/BGPCapability()
l = PacketList(p)
s = l.sessions()  # Crashed on commit: e42ecdc54556c4852ca06b1a6da6c1ccbf3f522e
assert len(s) == 1

= BGPCapability - sessions (2)
p = IP()/UDP()/BGPCapability()
l = PacketList(p)
s = l.sessions()  # Crashed on commit: e42ecdc54556c4852ca06b1a6da6c1ccbf3f522e
assert len(s) == 1


############################ BGPCapMultiprotocol ##############################
+ BGPCapMultiprotocol class tests

= BGPCapMultiprotocol - Inheritance
c = BGPCapMultiprotocol()
assert(isinstance(c, BGPCapability))

= BGPCapMultiprotocol - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapMultiprotocol()) == b'\x01\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPCapMultiprotocol - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPCapMultiprotocol(afi = 1, safi = 1)) == b'\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01'

= BGPCapMultiprotocol - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPCapMultiprotocol(afi = 2, safi = 1)) == b'\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01'

= BGPCapMultiprotocol - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapMultiprotocol(b'\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01')
assert(c.code == 1)
assert(c.length == 4)
assert(c.afi == 2)
assert(c.reserved == 0)
assert(c.safi == 1)

############################### BGPCapORFBlock ###############################
+ BGPCapORFBlock class tests

= BGPCapORFBlock - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapORFBlock()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPCapORFBlock - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 1, safi = 1)) == b'\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00'

= BGPCapORFBlock - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 2, safi = 1)) == b'\x00\x02\x00\x01\x00'

= BGPCapORFBlock - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapORFBlock(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
c.afi == 0 and c.reserved == 0 and c.safi == 0 and c.orf_number == 0

= BGPCapORFBlock - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapORFBlock(b'\x00\x02\x00\x01\x00')
c.afi == 2 and c.reserved == 0 and c.safi == 1 and c.orf_number == 0


############################# BGPCapORFBlock.ORF ##############################
+ BGPCapORFBlock.ORF class tests

= BGPCapORFBlock.ORF - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple()) == b'\x00\x00'

= BGPCapORFBlock.ORF - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)) == b'@\x03'

= BGPCapORFBlock.ORF - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(b'\x00\x00')
c.orf_type == 0 and c.send_receive == 0

= BGPCapORFBlock.ORF - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(b'@\x03')
c.orf_type == 64 and c.send_receive == 3


################################# BGPCapORF ###################################
+ BGPCapORF class tests

= BGPCapORF - Inheritance
c = BGPCapORF()
assert(isinstance(c, BGPCapability))

= BGPCapORF - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapORF()) == b'\x03\x00'

= BGPCapORF - Instantiation with specific values (1) 
raw(BGPCapORF(orf = [BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 1, safi = 1, entries = [BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)])])) == b'\x03\x07\x00\x01\x00\x01\x01@\x03'

= BGPCapORF - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPCapORF(orf = [BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 1, safi = 1, entries = [BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)]), BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 2, safi = 1, entries = [BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)])])) == b'\x03\x0e\x00\x01\x00\x01\x01@\x03\x00\x02\x00\x01\x01@\x03'

= BGPCapORF - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapORF(b'\x03\x00')
c.code == 3 and c.length == 0

= BGPCapORF - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapORF(orf = [BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 1, safi = 1, entries = [BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)]), BGPCapORFBlock(afi = 2, safi = 1, entries = [BGPCapORFBlock.ORFTuple(orf_type = 64, send_receive = 3)])])
c.code == 3 and c.orf[0].afi == 1 and c.orf[0].safi == 1 and c.orf[0].entries[0].orf_type == 64 and c.orf[0].entries[0].send_receive == 3 and c.orf[1].afi == 2 and c.orf[1].safi == 1 and c.orf[1].entries[0].orf_type == 64 and c.orf[1].entries[0].send_receive == 3

= BGPCapORF - Dissection
p = BGPCapORF(b'\x03\x07\x00\x01\x00\x01\x01@\x03')
assert(len(p.orf) == 1)


####################### BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple #########################
+ BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple class tests

= BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi = 1, flags = 128)) == b'\x00\x01\x01\x80'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
c.afi == 0 and c.safi == 0 and c.flags == 0

= BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(b'\x00\x01\x01\x80')
c.afi == 1 and c.safi == 1 and c.flags == 128


########################### BGPCapGracefulRestart #############################
+ BGPCapGracefulRestart class tests

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Inheritance
c = BGPCapGracefulRestart()
assert(isinstance(c, BGPCapGracefulRestart))

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart()) == b'@\x02\x00\x00'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart(restart_time = 120, entries = [BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi = 1)])) == b'@\x06\x00x\x00\x01\x01\x00'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart(restart_time = 120, entries = [BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi = 1)])) == b'@\x06\x00x\x00\x01\x01\x00'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Instantiation with specific values (3)
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart(restart_time = 120, entries = [BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi = 1, flags = 128)])) == b'@\x06\x00x\x00\x01\x01\x80'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Instantiation with specific values (4)
raw(BGPCapGracefulRestart(restart_time = 120, restart_flags = 0x8, entries = [BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi = 1, flags = 128)])) == b'@\x06\x80x\x00\x01\x01\x80'

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapGracefulRestart(b'@\x02\x00\x00')
c.code == 64 and c.restart_flags == 0 and c.restart_time == 0

= BGPCapGracefulRestart - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapGracefulRestart(b'@\x06\x80x\x00\x01\x01\x80')
c.code == 64 and c.restart_time == 120 and c.restart_flags == 0x8 and c.entries[0].afi == 1 and c.entries[0].safi == 1 and c.entries[0].flags == 128


############################ BGPCapFourBytesASN ###############################
+ BGPCapFourBytesASN class tests

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Inheritance
c = BGPCapFourBytesASN()
assert(isinstance(c, BGPCapFourBytesASN))

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Instantiation
raw(BGPCapFourBytesASN()) == b'A\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPCapFourBytesASN(asn = 6555555)) == b'A\x04\x00d\x07\xa3'

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPCapFourBytesASN(asn = 4294967295)) == b'A\x04\xff\xff\xff\xff'

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Basic dissection
c = BGPCapFourBytesASN(b'A\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00')
c.code == 65 and c.length == 4 and c.asn == 0

= BGPCapFourBytesASN - Dissection with specific values
c = BGPCapFourBytesASN(b'A\x04\xff\xff\xff\xff')
c.code == 65 and c.length == 4 and c.asn == 4294967295


####################### BGPAuthenticationInformation ##########################
+ BGPAuthenticationInformation class tests

= BGPAuthenticationInformation - Instantiation
raw(BGPAuthenticationInformation()) == b'\x00'

= BGPAuthenticationInformation - Basic dissection
c = BGPAuthenticationInformation(b'\x00')
c.authentication_code == 0 and c.authentication_data == None


################################# BGPOptParam #################################
+ BGPOptParam class tests

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation
raw(BGPOptParam()) == b'\x02\x00'

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 1)) == b'\x01\x00'
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 1, param_value = BGPAuthenticationInformation())) == b'\x01\x00'

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 2)) == b'\x02\x00'

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation with specific values (3)
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 2, param_value = BGPCapFourBytesASN(asn = 4294967295))) == b'\x02\x06A\x04\xff\xff\xff\xff'

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation with specific values (4)
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 2, param_value = BGPCapability(code = 127))) == b'\x02\x02\x7f\x00'

= BGPOptParam - Instantiation with specific values (5)
raw(BGPOptParam(param_type = 2, param_value = BGPCapability(code = 255))) == b'\x02\x02\xff\x00'

= BGPOptParam - Basic dissection
p = BGPOptParam(b'\x02\x00')
p.param_type == 2 and p.param_length == 0

= BGPOptParam - Dissection with specific values
p = BGPOptParam(b'\x02\x06A\x04\xff\xff\xff\xff')
p.param_type == 2 and p.param_length == 6 and p.param_value[0].code == 65 and p.param_value[0].length == 4 and p.param_value[0].asn == 4294967295


################################### BGPOpen ###################################
+ BGPOpen class tests

= BGPOpen - Instantiation
raw(BGPOpen()) == b'\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPOpen - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPOpen(my_as = 64501, bgp_id = "192.0.2.1")) == b'\x04\xfb\xf5\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x02\x01\x00'

= BGPOpen - Instantiation with specific values (2)
opt = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapMultiprotocol(afi = 1, safi = 1))
raw(BGPOpen(my_as = 64501, bgp_id = "192.0.2.1", opt_params = [opt])) == b'\x04\xfb\xf5\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x02\x01\x08\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01'

= BGPOpen - Instantiation with specific values (3)
cap = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapMultiprotocol(afi = 1, safi = 1))
capabilities = [cap]
cap = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapability(code = 128))
capabilities.append(cap)
cap = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapability(code = 2))
capabilities.append(cap)
cap = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapGracefulRestart(restart_time = 120, entries = [BGPCapGracefulRestart.GRTuple(afi = 1, safi= 1, flags = 128)]))
capabilities.append(cap)
cap = BGPOptParam(param_value = BGPCapFourBytesASN(asn = 64503))
capabilities.append(cap)
raw(BGPOpen(my_as = 64503, bgp_id = "192.168.100.3", hold_time = 30, opt_params = capabilities)) == b'\x04\xfb\xf7\x00\x1e\xc0\xa8d\x03"\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x08@\x06\x00x\x00\x01\x01\x80\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfb\xf7'

= BGPOpen - Dissection with specific values (1)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00?\x01\x04\xfb\xf7\x00\x1e\xc0\xa8d\x03"\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x08@\x06\x00x\x00\x01\x01\x80\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfb\xf7')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPOpen in m)
assert(m.len == 63)
assert(m.type == BGP.OPEN_TYPE)
assert(m.version == 4)
assert(m.my_as == 64503)
assert(m.hold_time == 30)
assert(m.bgp_id == "192.168.100.3")
assert(m.opt_param_len == 34)
assert(isinstance(m.opt_params[0].param_value, BGPCapMultiprotocol))
assert(isinstance(m.opt_params[1].param_value, BGPCapability))
assert(isinstance(m.opt_params[2].param_value, BGPCapability))
assert(isinstance(m.opt_params[3].param_value, BGPCapGracefulRestart))

= BGPOpen - Dissection with specific values (2) (followed by a KEEPALIVE)
messages = b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00=\x01\x04\xfb\xf6\x00\xb4\xc0\xa8ze \x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfb\xf6\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04'
m = BGP(messages)
raw(m) == b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00=\x01\x04\xfb\xf6\x00\xb4\xc0\xa8ze \x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfb\xf6\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x13\x04'

= BGPOpen - Dissection with specific values (3)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x8f\x01\x04\xfd\xe8\x00\xb4\n\xff\xff\x01r\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x84\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x19\x00A\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x02\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x02\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x80\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x80\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00B\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x04\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x04\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x04@\x02\x80x\x02\x02F\x00\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfd\xe8')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPOpen in m)

= BGPOpen - Dissection with specific values (4)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x8f\x01\x04\xfd\xe8\x00\xb4\n\xff\xff\x02r\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x84\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x19\x00A\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x02\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x02\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x80\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x80\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00B\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x02\x00\x04\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x01\x02\x06\x01\x04\x00\x01\x00\x04\x02\x02\x80\x00\x02\x02\x02\x00\x02\x04@\x02\x00x\x02\x02F\x00\x02\x06A\x04\x00\x00\xfd\xe8')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPOpen in m)


################################# BGPPAOrigin #################################
+ BGPPAOrigin class tests

= BGPPAOrigin - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAOrigin()) == b'\x00'

= BGPPAOrigin - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPPAOrigin(origin = 1)) == b'\x01'

= BGPPAOrigin - Dissection
a = BGPPAOrigin(b'\x00')
a.origin == 0


################################ BGPPAASPath ##################################
+ BGPPAASPath class tests

= BGPPAASPath - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAASPath()) == b''

= BGPPAASPath - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPAASPath(segments = [BGPPAASPath.ASPathSegment(segment_type = 2, segment_value = [64496, 64497, 64498])])) == b'\x02\x03\xfb\xf0\xfb\xf1\xfb\xf2'

= BGPPAASPath - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPPAASPath(segments = [BGPPAASPath.ASPathSegment(segment_type = 1, segment_value = [64496, 64497, 64498])])) == b'\x01\x03\xfb\xf0\xfb\xf1\xfb\xf2'

= BGPPAASPath - Instantiation with specific values (3)
raw(BGPPAASPath(segments = [BGPPAASPath.ASPathSegment(segment_type = 1, segment_value = [64496, 64497, 64498]), BGPPAASPath.ASPathSegment(segment_type = 2, segment_value = [64500, 64501, 64502, 64502, 64503])])) == b'\x01\x03\xfb\xf0\xfb\xf1\xfb\xf2\x02\x05\xfb\xf4\xfb\xf5\xfb\xf6\xfb\xf6\xfb\xf7' 

= BGPPAASPath - Dissection (1)
a = BGPPAASPath(b'\x02\x03\xfb\xf0\xfb\xf1\xfb\xf2')
a.segments[0].segment_type == 2 and a.segments[0].segment_length == 3 and a.segments[0].segment_value == [64496, 64497, 64498]

= BGPPAASPath - Dissection (2)
a = BGPPAASPath(b'\x01\x03\xfb\xf0\xfb\xf1\xfb\xf2\x02\x05\xfb\xf4\xfb\xf5\xfb\xf6\xfb\xf6\xfb\xf7')
a.segments[0].segment_type == 1 and a.segments[0].segment_length == 3 and a.segments[0].segment_value == [64496, 64497, 64498] and a.segments[1].segment_type == 2 and a.segments[1].segment_length == 5 and a.segments[1].segment_value == [64500, 64501, 64502, 64502, 64503]


############################### BGPPANextHop ##################################
+ BGPPANextHop class tests

= BGPPANextHop - Instantiation
raw(BGPPANextHop()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPANextHop - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPPANextHop(next_hop = "192.0.2.1")) == b'\xc0\x00\x02\x01'

= BGPPANextHop - Basic dissection
a = BGPPANextHop(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
a.next_hop == "0.0.0.0"

= BGPPANextHop - Dissection with specific values
a = BGPPANextHop(b'\xc0\x00\x02\x01')
a.next_hop == '192.0.2.1'


############################ BGPPAMultiExitDisc ##############################
+ BGPPAMultiExitDisc class tests

= BGPPAMultiExitDisc - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAMultiExitDisc()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAMultiExitDisc - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPAMultiExitDisc(med = 4)) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x04'

= BGPPAMultiExitDisc - Basic dissection
a = BGPPAMultiExitDisc(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
a.med == 0


############################## BGPPALocalPref ################################
+ BGPPALocalPref class tests

= BGPPALocalPref - Instantiation
raw(BGPPALocalPref()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPALocalPref - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPALocalPref(local_pref = 110)) == b'\x00\x00\x00n'

= BGPPALocalPref - Basic dissection
a = BGPPALocalPref(b'\x00\x00\x00n')
a.local_pref == 110


############################## BGPPAAggregator ###############################
+ BGPPAAggregator class tests

= BGPPAAggregator - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAAggregator()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAAggregator - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPAAggregator(aggregator_asn = 64500, speaker_address = "192.0.2.1")) == b'\xfb\xf4\xc0\x00\x02\x01'

= BGPPAAggregator - Dissection
a = BGPPAAggregator(b'\xfb\xf4\xc0\x00\x02\x01')
a.aggregator_asn == 64500 and a.speaker_address == "192.0.2.1"


############################## BGPPACommunity ################################
+ BGPPACommunity class tests

= BGPPACommunity - Basic instantiation
raw(BGPPACommunity()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPACommunity - Instantiation with specific value
raw(BGPPACommunity(community = 0xFFFFFF01)) == b'\xff\xff\xff\x01'

= BGPPACommunity - Dissection
a = BGPPACommunity(b'\xff\xff\xff\x01')
a.community == 0xFFFFFF01


############################ BGPPAOriginatorID ###############################
+ BGPPAOriginatorID class tests

= BGPPAOriginatorID - Basic instantiation
raw(BGPPAOriginatorID()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAOriginatorID - Instantiation with specific value
raw(BGPPAOriginatorID(originator_id = '192.0.2.1')) == b'\xc0\x00\x02\x01'

= BGPPAOriginatorID - Dissection
a = BGPPAOriginatorID(b'\xc0\x00\x02\x01')
a.originator_id == "192.0.2.1"


############################ BGPPAClusterList ################################
+ BGPPAClusterList class tests

= BGPPAClusterList - Basic instantiation
raw(BGPPAClusterList()) == b''

= BGPPAClusterList - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPPAClusterList(cluster_list = [150000, 165465465, 132132])) == b'\x00\x02I\xf0\t\xdc\xcdy\x00\x02\x04$'

= BGPPAClusterList - Dissection
a = BGPPAClusterList(b'\x00\x02I\xf0\t\xdc\xcdy\x00\x02\x04$')
a.cluster_list[0] == 150000 and a.cluster_list[1] == 165465465 and a.cluster_list[2] == 132132


########################### BGPPAMPReachNLRI  ###############################
+ BGPPAMPReachNLRI class tests

= BGPPAMPReachNLRI - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAMPReachNLRI()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAMPReachNLRI - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPAMPReachNLRI(afi=2, safi=1, nh_addr_len=16, nh_v6_addr = "2001:db8::2", nlri = [BGPNLRI_IPv6(prefix = "2001:db8:2::/64")])) == b'\x00\x02\x01\x10 \x01\r\xb8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x00'

= BGPPAMPReachNLRI - Dissection (1)
a = BGPPAMPReachNLRI(b'\x00\x02\x01  \x01\r\xb8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x02\x0b\xff\xfe~\x00\x00\x00@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x02@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x01@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x00')
a.afi == 2 and a.safi == 1 and a.nh_addr_len == 32 and a.nh_v6_global == "2001:db8::2" and a.nh_v6_link_local == "fe80::c002:bff:fe7e:0" and a.reserved == 0 and a.nlri[0].prefix == "2001:db8:2:2::/64" and a.nlri[1].prefix == "2001:db8:2:1::/64" and a.nlri[2].prefix == "2001:db8:2::/64"

= BGPPAMPReachNLRI - Dissection (2)
a = BGPPAMPReachNLRI(b'\x00\x02\x01 \xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xfa\xc0\x01\x00\x15\xde\x15\x81\xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xfa\xc0\x01\x00\x15\xde\x15\x81\x00\x06\x04\x05\x08\x04\x10\x03`\x03\x80\x03\xa0\x03\xc0\x04\xe0\x05\xf0\x06\xf8\t\xfe\x00\x16 \x01<\x08-\x07.\x040\x10?\xfe\x10 \x02\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff@\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x17 \x01\x00  \x01\x00\x000 \x01\x00\x02\x00\x00  \x01\r\xb8\x1c \x01\x00\x10\x07\xfc\n\xfe\x80\x08\xff\n\xfe\xc0\x03 \x03@\x08_`\x00d\xff\x9b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x08\x01\x07\x02')
a.afi == 2 and a.safi == 1 and a.nh_addr_len == 32 and a.nh_v6_global == "fe80::fac0:100:15de:1581" and a.nh_v6_link_local == "fe80::fac0:100:15de:1581" and a.reserved == 0 and a.nlri[0].prefix == "400::/6" and a.nlri[1].prefix == "800::/5" and  raw(a.nlri[18]) == b'`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff' and a.nlri[35].prefix == "200::/7"


############################# BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI #############################
+ BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI class tests

= BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI()) == b'\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI(afi = 2, safi = 1)) == b'\x00\x02\x01'

= BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI(afi = 2, safi = 1, afi_safi_specific = BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI_IPv6(withdrawn_routes = [BGPNLRI_IPv6(prefix = "2001:db8:2::/64")]))) == b'\x00\x02\x01@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x00'

= BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI - Dissection (1)
a = BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI(b'\x00\x02\x01')
a.afi == 2 and a.safi == 1

= BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI - Dissection (2)
a = BGPPAMPUnreachNLRI(b'\x00\x02\x01\x03`\x03\x80\x03\xa0\x03\xc0\x04\xe0\x05\xf0\x06\xf8\x10 \x02`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff@\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x17 \x01\x00  \x01\x00\x000 \x01\x00\x02\x00\x00  \x01\r\xb8\n\xfe\xc0\x07\xfc\n\xfe\x80\x1c \x01\x00\x10\x03 \x06\x04\x03@\x08_\x05\x08\x04\x10')
a.afi == 2 and a.safi == 1 and a.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[0].prefix == "6000::/3" and a.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[11].prefix == "2001::/32" and a.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[23].prefix == "1000::/4"


############################# BGPPAAS4Aggregator #############################
+ BGPPAAS4Aggregator class tests

= BGPPAAS4Aggregator - Instantiation
raw(BGPPAAS4Aggregator()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPPAAS4Aggregator - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPPAAS4Aggregator(aggregator_asn = 644566565, speaker_address = "192.0.2.1")) == b'&kN%\xc0\x00\x02\x01'

= BGPPAAS4Aggregator - Dissection
a = BGPPAAS4Aggregator(b'&kN%\xc0\x00\x02\x01')
a.aggregator_asn == 644566565 and a.speaker_address == "192.0.2.1"


################################ BGPPathAttr #################################
+ BGPPathAttr class tests

= BGPPathAttr - Instantiation
raw(BGPPathAttr()) == b'\x80\x00\x00'

= BGPPathAttr - Instantiation with specific values (1)
raw(BGPPathAttr(type_code = 1, attribute = BGPPAOrigin(origin = 0)))

= BGPPathAttr - Instantiation with specific values (2)
raw(BGPPathAttr(type_code = 2, attribute = BGPPAASPath(segments = [BGPPAASPath.ASPathSegment(segment_type = 2, segment_value = [64501, 64501, 64501])]))) == b'\x80\x02\x08\x02\x03\xfb\xf5\xfb\xf5\xfb\xf5'

= BGPPathAttr - Instantiation with specific values (3)

raw(BGPPathAttr(type_code = 14, attribute = BGPPAMPReachNLRI(afi = 2, safi = 1, nh_addr_len = 16, nh_v6_addr = "2001:db8::2", nlri = [BGPNLRI_IPv6(prefix = "2001:db8:2::/64")]))) == b'\x80\x0e\x1e\x00\x02\x01\x10 \x01\r\xb8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00@ \x01\r\xb8\x00\x02\x00\x00'

= BGPPathAttr - Dissection (1)
a = BGPPathAttr(b'\x90\x0f\x00X\x00\x02\x01\x03`\x03\x80\x03\xa0\x03\xc0\x04\xe0\x05\xf0\x06\xf8\x10 \x02`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff@\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x17 \x01\x00  \x01\x00\x000 \x01\x00\x02\x00\x00  \x01\r\xb8\n\xfe\xc0\x07\xfc\n\xfe\x80\x1c \x01\x00\x10\x03 \x06\x04\x03@\x08_\x05\x08\x04\x10')
a.type_flags == 0x90 and a.type_code == 15 and a.attr_ext_len == 88 and a.attribute.afi == 2 and a.attribute.safi == 1 and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[0].prefix == "6000::/3" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[1].prefix == "8000::/3" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[2].prefix == "a000::/3" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[3].prefix == "c000::/3" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[4].prefix == "e000::/4" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[5].prefix == "f000::/5" and a.attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[23].prefix == "1000::/4"

= BGPPathAttr - advanced
b = BGPPathAttr(type_code=0x10, attribute=BGPPAExtComms(extended_communities=[
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommTwoOctetASSpecific()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommIPv4AddressSpecific()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommFourOctetASSpecific()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommOpaque()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommTrafficMarking()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommRedirectIPv4()),
                                                            BGPPAExtCommunity(value=BGPPAExtCommRedirectAS4Byte()),
                                                        ]))
b = BGPPathAttr(raw(b))
cls_list = [x.value.__class__ for x in b.attribute.extended_communities]
assert cls_list == [BGPPAExtCommTwoOctetASSpecific, BGPPAExtCommIPv4AddressSpecific, BGPPAExtCommFourOctetASSpecific, BGPPAExtCommOpaque,
                    BGPPAExtCommTrafficMarking, BGPPAExtCommRedirectIPv4, BGPPAExtCommRedirectAS4Byte]
b.show()

################################# BGPUpdate ##################################
+ BGPUpdate class tests

= BGPUpdate - Instantiation
raw(BGPUpdate()) == b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'

= BGPUpdate - Dissection (1)
bgp_module_conf.use_2_bytes_asn = True
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x000\x02\x00\x19\x18\xc0\xa8\x96\x18\x07\x07\x07\x18\xc63d\x18\xc0\xa8\x01\x19\x06\x06\x06\x00\x18\xc0\xa8\x1a\x00\x00')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPUpdate in m)
assert(m.withdrawn_routes_len == 25)
assert(m.withdrawn_routes[0].prefix == "192.168.150.0/24")
assert(m.withdrawn_routes[5].prefix == "192.168.26.0/24")
assert(m.path_attr_len == 0)

= BGPUpdate - Behave like a NEW speaker (RFC 6793) - Dissection (2)
bgp_module_conf.use_2_bytes_asn = False
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00=\x02\x00\x00\x00"@\x01\x01\x00@\x02\x06\x02\x01\x00\x00\xfb\xfa@\x03\x04\xc0\xa8\x10\x06\x80\x04\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x08\x04\xff\xff\xff\x01\x18\xc0\xa8\x01')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPUpdate in m)
assert(m.path_attr[1].attribute.segments[0].segment_value == [64506])
assert(m.path_attr[4].attribute.community == 0xFFFFFF01)
assert(m.nlri[0].prefix == "192.168.1.0/24")



= BGPUpdate - Dissection (MP_REACH_NLRI)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xd8\x02\x00\x00\x00\xc1@\x01\x01\x00@\x02\x06\x02\x01\x00\x00\xfb\xf6\x90\x0e\x00\xb0\x00\x02\x01 \xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xfa\xc0\x01\x00\x15\xde\x15\x81\xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xfa\xc0\x01\x00\x15\xde\x15\x81\x00\x06\x04\x05\x08\x04\x10\x03`\x03\x80\x03\xa0\x03\xc0\x04\xe0\x05\xf0\x06\xf8\t\xfe\x00\x16 \x01<\x08-\x07.\x040\x10?\xfe\x10 \x02\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff@\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x17 \x01\x00  \x01\x00\x000 \x01\x00\x02\x00\x00  \x01\r\xb8\x1c \x01\x00\x10\x07\xfc\n\xfe\x80\x08\xff\n\xfe\xc0\x03 \x03@\x08_`\x00d\xff\x9b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x08\x01\x07\x02')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPUpdate in m)
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.afi == 2)
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.safi == 1)
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.nh_addr_len == 32)
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.nh_v6_global == "fe80::fac0:100:15de:1581")
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.nh_v6_link_local == "fe80::fac0:100:15de:1581")
assert(m.path_attr[2].attribute.nlri[0].prefix == "400::/6")
assert(m.nlri == [])

= BGPUpdate - Dissection (MP_UNREACH_NLRI)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00s\x02\x00\x00\x00\\\x90\x0f\x00X\x00\x02\x01\x03`\x03\x80\x03\xa0\x03\xc0\x04\xe0\x05\xf0\x06\xf8\x10 \x02`\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff@\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x17 \x01\x00  \x01\x00\x000 \x01\x00\x02\x00\x00  \x01\r\xb8\n\xfe\xc0\x07\xfc\n\xfe\x80\x1c \x01\x00\x10\x03 \x06\x04\x03@\x08_\x05\x08\x04\x10')
assert(BGPHeader in m and BGPUpdate in m)
assert(m.path_attr[0].attribute.afi == 2)
assert(m.path_attr[0].attribute.safi == 1)
assert(m.path_attr[0].attribute.afi_safi_specific.withdrawn_routes[0].prefix == "6000::/3")
assert(m.nlri == [])

= BGPUpdate - with BGPHeader
p = BGP(raw(BGPHeader()/BGPUpdate()))
assert(BGPHeader in p and BGPUpdate in p)


########## BGPNotification Class ###################################
+ BGPNotification class tests

= BGPNotification - Instantiation
raw(BGPNotification()) == b'\x00\x00'

= BGPNotification - Dissection (Administratively Reset)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x15\x03\x06\x04')
m.type == BGP.NOTIFICATION_TYPE and m.error_code == 6 and m.error_subcode == 4

= BGPNotification - Dissection (Bad Peer AS)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x17\x03\x02\x02\x00\x00')
m.type == BGP.NOTIFICATION_TYPE and m.error_code == 2 and m.error_subcode == 2

= BGPNotification - Dissection (Attribute Flags Error)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x19\x03\x03\x04\x80\x01\x01\x00')
m.type == BGP.NOTIFICATION_TYPE and m.error_code == 3 and m.error_subcode == 4


########## BGPRouteRefresh Class ###################################
+ BGPRouteRefresh class tests

= BGPRouteRefresh - Instantiation
raw(BGPRouteRefresh()) == b'\x00\x01\x00\x01'

= BGPRouteRefresh - Instantiation with specific values
raw(BGPRouteRefresh(afi = 1, safi = 1)) == b'\x00\x01\x00\x01'

= BGPRouteRefresh - Dissection (1)
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x17\x05\x00\x02\x00\x01')
m.type == BGP.ROUTEREFRESH_TYPE and m.len == 23 and m.afi == 2 and m.subtype == 0 and m.safi == 1
 

= BGPRouteRefresh - Dissection (2) - With ORFs
m = BGP(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00.\x05\x00\x01\x00\x01\x01\x80\x00\x13 \x00\x00\x00\x05\x18\x18\x15\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\n\x00 \x00')
assert(m.type == BGP.ROUTEREFRESH_TYPE)
assert(m.len == 46)
assert(m.afi == 1)
assert(m.subtype == 0)
assert(m.safi == 1)
assert(m.orf_data[0].when_to_refresh == 1)
assert(m.orf_data[0].orf_type == 128)
assert(m.orf_data[0].orf_len == 19)
assert(len(m.orf_data[0].entries) == 2)
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[0].action == 0)
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[0].match == 1)
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[0].prefix.prefix == "1.1.0.0/21")
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[1].action == 0)
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[1].match == 0)
assert(m.orf_data[0].entries[1].prefix.prefix == "0.0.0.0/0")


########## BGPCapGeneric fuzz() ###################################
+ BGPCapGeneric fuzz()

= BGPCapGeneric fuzz()
for i in range(10):
    assert isinstance(raw(fuzz(BGPCapGeneric())), bytes)