bbbc12478a
Latest versions of apt-get don't install as much packages by default as older ones. This fix adds some missing packages discovered for an OS derived from the latest stable Debian. These packages exist for older Debian derivatives as well (tested with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/4480
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从零开始设置 Linux 环境下的工具链（传统 GNU Make）
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:link_to_translation:`en:[English]`
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.. include:: ../gnu-make-legacy.rst
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.. note::
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安装工具链的标准方法请见 :doc:`这里 <linux-setup>`。请参考 :ref:`工具链自定义设置 <get-started-customized-setup-legacy>` 章节，查看可能需要从头开始设置工具链的情况。
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安装准备
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========
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编译 ESP-IDF 需要以下软件包：
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- Ubuntu and Debian::
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sudo apt-get install gcc git wget make libncurses-dev flex bison gperf python python-pip python-setuptools python-serial python-cryptography python-future python-pyparsing python-pyelftools libffi-dev libssl-dev
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- Arch::
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sudo pacman -S --needed gcc git make ncurses flex bison gperf python2-pyserial python2-cryptography python2-future python2-pyparsing python2-pyelftools
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.. note::
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一些旧的（2014年之前）Linux 发行版中使用的 ``pyserial`` 版本可能是 2.x ，ESP-IDF 并不支持。这种情况下，请按照 :ref:`get-started-get-packages-legacy` 章节的介绍，使用 ``pip`` 安装软件包。
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从源代码编译工具链
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==================
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- 安装依赖项：
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- CentOS 7::
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sudo yum install gawk gperf grep gettext ncurses-devel python python-devel automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool
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- Ubuntu pre-16.04::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool
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- Ubuntu 16.04 或以上 ::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin
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- Debian 9::
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sudo apt-get install gawk gperf grep gettext libncurses-dev python python-dev automake bison flex texinfo help2man libtool libtool-bin
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- Arch::
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TODO
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- 创建工作目录，并进入该目录::
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mkdir -p ~/esp
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cd ~/esp
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- 下载并编译 ``crosstool-NG`` ：
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.. include:: /_build/inc/scratch-build-code.inc
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- 编译工具链::
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./ct-ng xtensa-esp32-elf
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./ct-ng build
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chmod -R u+w builds/xtensa-esp32-elf
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编译得到的工具链会被保存到 ``~/esp/crosstool-NG/builds/xtensa-esp32-elf``。请按照 :ref:`标准设置指南 <setup-linux-toolchain-add-it-to-path-legacy>` 的介绍，将工具链添加到 ``PATH``。
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后续步骤
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========
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继续设置开发环境，请前往 :ref:`get-started-get-esp-idf-legacy` 章节。
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